What does stress refer to in the context of exercise physiology?

In exercise physiology, stress refers to the body's response to conditions that interfere with its normal physiological functions. It encompasses the various challenges that the body encounters during physical activity, including physiological and psychological demands. When the body is stressed, it undergoes a series of responses, such as the release of hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which prepare the body to handle the stressor. This can include both acute responses, like increased heart rate and muscular efficiency, as well as chronic adaptations, such as improved endurance or strength over time.

Understanding stress in this context is crucial for developing training programs, as it enables trainers and athletes to recognize how the body adapts to different levels of intensity, duration, and type of exercise, ultimately leading to improved performance and well-being.